API 5L PSL-2

The pipeline’s product specification level may be separated into API 5L PSL-1 and API 5L PSL-2, and the quality level can be divided into PSL-1 and PSL-2. PSL is an abbreviation for product specification levels. PSL-2 is higher than PSL-1; these two specifications levels not only have different testing requirements, but also different chemical composition and mechanical properties requirements; therefore, when ordering according to API 5L, the contract terms must include the product specification level, ex PSL-1 or PSL-2, in addition to the usual size and grade indicators. PSL-2 is stricter than PSL-1 in terms of chemical composition, tensile characteristics, impact energy, non-destructive testing, and other indications.

PRODUCT FEATURES

Application of API 5L PSL-2 Line Pipe

API 5L PSL-2 Welded Pipes are commonly used in the oil, gas, and petroleum industries. API 5L PSL-2 Pipe is a great option for delivering gas, steam, and fluids including water and oil from offshore to refineries. API 5L PSL-2 pipe is used in several sectors, including heating, chemical processing, water distribution systems, pipe fitting, and paper and pulp mills.

Chemical Composition for API 5L PSL-2 Pipe, t ≤ 0.984”

Steel Grade	API 5L PSL-2 Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses												Carbon Equiv a
	C	Si		Mn		P	S	V	Nb	Ti	Other	CE IIW		CE Pcm
	max b	max		max b		max	max	max	max	max	Other	max		max
Welded Pipe
BM		0.22	0.45		1.2	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43		0.25
X42M		0.22	0.45		1.3	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43		0.25
X46M		0.22	0.45		1.3	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43		0.25
X52M		0.22	0.45		1.4	0.025	0.015	d	d	d	e,l	0.43		0.25
X56M		0.22	0.45f		1.4	0.025	0.015	d	d	d	e,l	0.43		0.25
X60M		0.12f	0.45f		1.60f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43		0.25
X65M		0.12f	0.45f		1.60f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43		0.25
X70M		0.12f	0.45f		1.70f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43		0.25
X80M		0.12f	0.45f		1.85f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	i,j	.043f		0.25
X90M		0.1	0.55f		2.10f	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	i,j	–		0.25
X100M		0.1	0.55f		2.10f	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	i,j	–		0.25

a. SMLS t>0.787”, CE limits shall be as agreed. The CEIIW limits applied if C > 0.12% and the CEPcm limits apply if C ≤ 0.12%,
b. For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum for C, an increase of 0.05% above the specified maximum for Mn is permissible, up to a maximum of 1.65% for grades ≥ L245 or B, but ≤ L360 or X52; up to a maximum of 1.75% for grades > L360 or X52, but < L485 or X70; up to a maximum of 2.00% for grades ≥ L485 or X70, but ≤ L555 or X80, and up to a maximum of 2.20% for grades > L555 or X80.,
c. Unless otherwise agreed Nb = V ≤ 0.06%,
d. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%,
e. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% and Mo ≤ 0.15%,
f. Unless otherwise agreed,
g. Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%,
h. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
i. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
j. B ≤ 0.004%,
k. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55%, and MO ≤ 0.80%,
l. For all PSL 2 pipe grades except those grades with footnotes j noted, the following applies. Unless otherwise agreed no intentional addition of B is permitted and residual B ≤ 0.001%.

Mechanical Property for API 5L PSL-2 Pipes

Pipe Grade	Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 2						Seam of Welded Pipe
	Yield Strength a		Tensile Strength a		Ratio a,c	Elongation	Tensile Strength d
	Rt0,5 PSI Min		Rm PSI Min		R10,5IRm	(in 2in) Af %	Rm (psi)
	Minimum	Maximum	Minimum	Maximum	Maximum	Minimum	Minimum
BR, BN, BQ, BM	35,500	65,300	60,200	95,000	0.93	f	60,200
X42, X42R, X2Q,X42M	42,100	71,800	60,200	95,000	0.93	f	60,200
X46N, X46Q, X46M	46,400	76,100	63,100	95,000	0.93	f	63,100
X52N, X52Q, X52M	52,200	76,900	66,700	110,200	0.93	f	66,700
X56N, X56Q, X56M	56,600	79,000	71,100	110,200	0.93	f	71,100
X60N, X60Q, S60M	60,200	81,900	75,400	110,200	0.93	f	75,400
X65Q, X65M	65,300	87,000	77,600	110,200	0.93	f	76,600
X70Q, X65M	70,300	92,100	82,700	110,200	0.93	f	82,700
X80Q, X80M	80,.500	102,300	90,600	119,700	0.93	f	90,600

a. For intermediate grade, refer to the full API5L specification.
b. for grades > X90 refers to the full API5L specification.
c. This limit applies for pies with D> 12.750 in
d. For intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same value as was determined for the pipe body using foot a.
e. for pipe requiring longitudinal testing, the maximum yield strength shall be ≤ 71,800 psi
f. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be determined using the following equation:

Where C is 1 940 for calculation using Si units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units
Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches), as follows
– For circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces.
– For full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2)
– For strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2)
U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch
g. Lower values fo R10,5IRm may be specified by agreement
h. for grades > x90 refers to the full API5L specification.

Dimensions and Sizes of API 5L psl-2 Line Pipe

NPS		O. D.	Nominal Wall Thickness
DN	Inch	mm	SCH5S	SCH10S	SCH10	SCH20	SCH30	SCH40	SCH60	SCH80	SCH100	SCH120	SCH140	SCH160	STD	XS	XXS
50	2″	60.3	1.65	2.77	–	–	–	3.91	–	5.54	–	–	–	8.74	3.91	5.54	11.07
65	2 1/2″	73	2.11	3.05	–	–	–	5.16	–	7.01	–	–	–	9.53	5.16	7.01	14.02
80	3″	88.9	2.11	3.05	–	–	–	5.49	–	7.62	–	–	–	11.13	5.49	7.52	15.24
90	3 1/2″	101.6	2.11	3.05	–	–	–	5.74	–	8.08	–	–	–	–	5.74	8.08	–
100	4″	114.3	2.11	3.05	–	–	–	6.02	–	8.58	–	11.13	–	13.49	6.02	8.56	17.12
125	5″	141.3	2.77	3.4	–	–	–	6.55	–	9.53	–	12.7	–	15.88	6.55	9.53	18.05
150	6″	168.3	2.77	3.4	–	–	–	7.11	–	10.97	–	14.27	–	18.26	7.11	10.97	21.95
200	8″	219.1	2.77	3.76	–	6.35	7.04	8.18	10.31	12.7	15.09	18.26	20.62	23.01	8.18	12.7	22.23
250	10″	273.1	3.4	4.19	–	6.35	7.8	9.27	12.7	15.09	18.26	21.44	25.4	28.58	9.27	12.7	25.4
300	12″	323.9	3.96	4.57	–	6.35	8.38	10.31	14.27	17.48	21.44	25.4	28.58	33.32	9.53	12.7	25.4
350	14″	355.5	3.96	4.78	6.35	7.92	9.53	11.13	15.09	19.05	23.83	27.79	31.75	35.71	9.53	12.7	–
400	16″	406.4	4.19	4.78	6.35	7.92	9.53	12.7	16.66	21.44	26.19	30.96	36.53	40.49	9.53	12.7	–
450	18″	457.2	4.19	4.78	6.35	7.92	11.13	14.27	19.05	23.83	39.36	34.93	39.67	45.24	–	–	–
500	20″	508	4.78	5.54	6.35	9.53	12.7	15.09	20.62	26.19	32.54	38.1	44.45	50.01	–	–	–
550	22″	558.8	4.78	5.54	6.35	9.53	12.7	–	22.23	28.58	34.93	41.28	47.63	53.98	–	–	–
600	24″	609.6	5.54	6.35	6.35	9.53	14.27	17.48	24.61	30.96	38.89	46.02	52.37	59.54	–	–	–

API 5L PSL-2 Pipe Delivery Conditions

PSL	Delivery Condition	Steel Grade
API PSL-2	As-rolled	BR, X42R
	Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized or normalized and tempered	BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
	Quenched and tempered	BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
	Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed	BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
	Thermomechanical rolled	X90M, X100M, X120M
	The suffice (R, N, Q or M) for PSL2 grades, belongs to the steel grade

Test and inspection of API 5L psl-2 Line pipes

- Hydrostatic Test

The pipe must be able to survive a hydrostatic test without leaking through the weld seam or the pipe body. Jointers do not need to be hydrostatically tested if the pipe sections utilized have been successfully tested.

- Bend Test

There shall be no cracks in any part of the test piece, nor shall there be any opening of the weld.

- Flattening Test

The flattening test method is used to evaluate and exhibit the deformation performance of line pipe to the prescribed size. The flattening test will reveal the pipe’s resistance to longitudinal and circumferential cracking, as well as its internal and surface faults, based on the stress and deformation characteristics of the specimen during the flattening procedure.

- CVN Impact Test for PSL-2

CVN is required for several PSL2 pipe diameters and grades. The body will be inspected for seamless pipe. The welded pipe must be examined in three areas: the body, the pipe weld, and the heat-affected zone. The chart of sizes and grades, as well as the required absorbed energy values, may be found in the full API 5L specification.

- DWT Test for PSL-2 Welded Pipe

The average shear fracture area for each test (of a set of two test pieces) shall be 85 percent, based on a test temperature of 0°C (32°F) or if accepted, a lower test temperature. For wall thicknesses greater than 25.4mm (1.000 in. ), DWT test acceptance standards must be agreed upon.

NOTE1: At or above the test temperature, such shear-fracture area assures a suitably ductile fracture.

NOTE2: In gas pipelines, an appropriate combination of shear-fracture area and CVN absorbed energy is an essential pipe-body feature for avoiding brittle fracture propagation and controlling ductile fracture propagation (see Annex G and Table20).